Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor.Patients often lose the opportunity for surgery because of the middle and late stage when they are diagnosed,and the prognosis is extremely poor.In recent years,anti-PD immunotherapy has made a breakthrough in the treatment of advanced liver cancer.Immunotherapy has achieved good results in some patients,but there are still many patients with poor response to immunotherapy.Therefore,there is an urgent need to find clinical or biological indicators that can be used to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in order to maximize clinical benefits while avoiding adverse effects.This article aims to summarize the relevant indicators and potential predictive mechanisms that can be used to predict the efficacy of liver cancer immunotherapy,so as to provide help for guiding clinical treatment.

Key words: hepatocellular carcinoma, immune checkpoint inhibitors, predictive biomarkers, prediction