Abstract: Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases in urology.The  high incidence and recurrence rate of kidney stone is a difficult problem in urology,and its specific pathogenesis is still unclear.Randall’s Plaques theory is the mechanism of stone formation which is generally recognized by scholars at present among many theories.The retention of crystal particles in the renal tubules is a prerequisite for the formation of Randall’s Plaques.The deposited crystal damage the renal tubules through direct attachment or inflammatory immune response to promote the further deposition of the crystal,and ultimately promote the formation of Randall’s Plaques.The process of crystal deposition will cause kidney damage,but its molecular mechanism is still unknown.This article reviews the research progress on the formation of  Randall’s Plaques and the mechanism of renal injury.

Key words: Randall’s Plaques, nephrolithiasis, kidney injury