Abstract: Objective To investigate the pathological features of intercellular adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1） and endothelial cell specific molecule-1（ESM-1） in renal allograft rejection.Methods 20 patients who underwent renal transplantation in our hospital were selected and were divided into the normal group of 10 cases and rejection group of 10 cases accorded to the rejection of transplanted kidney.Recorded the pathological immunohistochemistry of ICAM-1 and ESM-1 in different renal tissues，and renal function changes were recorded.Results The renal function of the normal group continued to improve until the normal level was restored，the renal function of the rejection group were decreased after operation compared the difference of creatinine between the two groups at postoperative 1d，3d，7d and 1months were statistically significant（P<0.05）.The positive rates of ICAM-1 and ESM-1 expression in the normal group were 80.0% and 90.0%，respectively，and were 10.0% and 10.0% in the rejection group，respectively，compared the difference were statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion Transplanted renal rejection is common，the positive rate of pathological expression of ICAM-1 and ESM-1 are related to the degree of rejection，they also have certain correlation with renal function.

Key words: transplanted kidney, rejection, intercellular adhesion factor-1, endothelial cell specific molecule-1