Abstract:   Objective   To investigate the comparison of clinical efficacy、immune inflammatory response and prognosis of single port laparoscopic radical surgery and routine laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer of old patients. Methods To screening 80 cases of old patients with rectal cancer as research subjects，it will be divided into study group with 40 cases and control group with 40 cases，patients in control group were given routine laparoscopic radical resection treatment and patients in study group were given single port laparoscopic radical surgery，then the two groups were compared in terms of clinical efficacy and so on.Results The slash length（2.8±0.4）cm，hospital stays（7.9±1.8）d,postoperative first exhaust time（2.6±1.4）d and postoperative VAS score（2.6±0.4）in study group were better than the control group（P<0.05）; There was no significance difference between study group and control group in postoperative complications rate（7.5% vs 12.5%,P＞0.05）; The immune inflammatory response indexes were all better in study group than in the control group after the treatment（P＜0.05）; There had no significance difference between study group and control group in 1 year survival rate（87.5% vs 85.0%）and recurrence rate（5.0% vs 7.5%）after operation（P＞0.05）.Conclusion  The single port laparoscopic radical surgery in the treatment of old patients with rectal cancer is significant，but must strictly control the surgical indications.