Abstract: Fluorescence imaging technology is an efficient,non-invasive imaging method without radioactivity,which was widely used in the medical field.In a variety of surgical scenarios,real-time imaging and reorganization of the target structure can be achieved with this technology,so as to promote the further development of precision surgery.However,the conventional visible light(400-700nm) and near-infrared-Ⅰ window(NIR-Ⅰ,700-900nm) are still insufficient in some aspects such as lower tissue penetration ability,which limit the development of fluorescence intraoperative imaging in the field of surgery.At present,with the rapid development of near-infrared-Ⅱ window(NIR-Ⅱ,1000-1700nm) fluorescence probes and devices,increasing studies have shown that NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence can improve the effect of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in operation.With longer wavelength,NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence can significantly reduce the absorption and scattering of photons in tissue and diminish autofluorescence of normal tissue.Besides,NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence has enhanced tissue penetration ability,micrometre resolution and higher signal-to-background ratio(SBR) for target structure.Therefore,we reviewed the progression of applications of NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence in solid tumor imaging,sentinel lymph node tracing,vascular,ureter and bile duct imaging in surgery and discusses its future development prospects.

Key words: near-infrared-Ⅱ fluorescence, intraoperative imaging, surgery