Abstract: ［Abstract］Hepatocellular Carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors,which ranks second in the mortality rate of malignant tumors in China.At diagnosis,most patients were in advanced stages already.They have lost surgical opportunities,and also achieved poor response from radiation therapy,chemotherapy,and traditional immunotherapy.In recent years,major advances have been made in anti-PD treatment for HCC,bringing new hope to advanced cancer patients.The anti-PD therapy for HCC has undergone the 1.0 era of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody monotherapy,the 2.0 era of combined molecular targeted drug application,and the 3.0 era of clinical application research stage of further combined locoregional therapy.With the development of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors-based immunotherapy,the therapeutic effect of HCC has been further improved.The latest clinical research explores adoptive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes therapy on the basis of immunotherapy 3.0,and the preliminary research has obtained good clinical efficacy,which also marks the advent of the era of HCC immunotherapy 4.0.

Key words: carcinoma hepatocellular, immune checkpoint inhibitors, molecular targeted therapy, locoregional therapy, immunotherapy adoptive