Abstract: Patients with critical neurological diseases are prone to or complicated with intracranial infection due to primary diseases and/or complications.Intracranial infection significantly increases the morbidity and mortality of patients with critical neurological diseases.The risk of intracranial infection is higher in critical neurological patients than those in general ward.The common risk factors for intracranial infection includes advanced age，long operation time，multiple operations，cerebrospinal fluid leakage，open wounds，etc.The diagnostic criteria of intracranial infection include etiological diagnostic criteria and clinical diagnostic criteria，and the detection of cerebrospinal fluid etiology and related biomarkers is also of great significance for the diagnosis of bacterial intracranial infection.The treatment of intracranial infection has its particularity and therapeutic characteristics，including early initiation of empirical antimicrobial therapy，timely adjustment according to drug sensitivity results，selection of antimicrobial agents that are easy to cross the blood-brain barrier，recommendation of intravenous administration，long-term treatment，intrathecal drug delivery，etc.Surgical treatment and symptomatic support treatment are also very important.It’s important to prevent the occurrence of intracranial infection from every clinical details.

Key words: central nervous system infection; , critical neurological diseases; ,  diagnosis; ,  therapy