Abstract: Objective：To explore the related factors of poor prognosis of moderate and severe craniocerebral injury in preschool children.Methods：The 143 cases of preschool children with moderate and severe craniocerebral injury admitted to our hospital from February 2016 to September 2019 wwere divided into good prognosis group (n=112) and poor prognosis group (n=31) according to Glasgow prognosis score (GOS) at discharge.Univariate analysis was used to analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of children with moderate and severe craniocerebral injury，and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with moderate and severe craniocerebral injury.Survey data included gender，age，body temperature，Glasgow coma index score (GCS)，blood lactate，hypotension，pulse，breathing，coagulation disorder，myocardial damage，liver function damage，infection，intervention method and time window.Results：Among 143 children with moderate or severe craniocerebral injury，112 had good prognosis and 31 had poor prognosis.Univariate analysis showed that there were no significant differences in gender，age，body temperature，hypotension，pulse，respiration，myocardial damage，liver function damage and intervention method between the two groups (P>0.05); there were significant differences in GCS score，blood lactic acid，coagulation disorder and infection between the two groups (P<0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that GCS score，blood lactic acid，coagulation disorder，infection and time window were the risk factors for the prognosis of craniocerebral injury in preschool children.Conclusion：The poor prognosis of moderate and severe craniocerebral injury in preschool children is influenced by many factors，among which GCS score，blood lactic acid，coagulation disorder，infection and time window are the risk factors.

Key words: preschool children, moderate and severe craniocerebral injury, poor prognosis, single factor analysis, multifactor analysis