Abstract: Objective To treat the complex nephrolithiasis with the combination of all-seeing needle percutaneous nephroscopy and flexible ureteroscopy and observe the efficacy.Methods 87 patients with complex nephrolithiasis were selected.All-seeing needle percutaneous nephroscopy combined with flexible ureteroscopy was adopted for patients in the observation group（n=44），while the ordinary percutaneous nephroscopy was adopted for patients in the control group（n=43）.Statistics were conducted for indicators of two groups，including intraoperative blood loss，incidence of operative complications and residual rate of calculi，etc.Results Patients of the observation group had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss（134.4±21.1）ml，incidence of operative complications（2.27%） and higher clearance rate of calculi（95.45%） than those of the control group[（153.6±29.2） ml，13.95% and 79.06%）].Conclusion Having the advantages of less trauma and high stone clearance rate，etc.，all-seeing needle percutaneous nephroscopy combined with flexible ureteroscopy is an effective means to treat complex nephrolithiasis.

Key words: all-seeing needle percutaneous nephroscopy, flexible ureteroscopy, complex nephrolithiasis, lithotomy