Abstract: Peripheral nerve block（PNB）is an anesthetic techniques with a long history and has been widely applied in variety kinds of surgical anesthesia and pain management.With nerve stimulator adoption，especially the application of ultrasonic visualization，PNB began to be recognized and got more extensive application.PNB was an invasive procedure，which inevitably leads to some complications or unnoticed complications.By retrieving recent published articles，we elaborated the mechanism and factors of nerve injury associated with PNBs and provided solution for decreasing the rate of nerve injury as well as the diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: peripheral nerve blocks, nerve injury